Reaction to the Assassination

The assassination shocked the world. Support for the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy came from all over Europe. It was obvious that some form of action to punish the Serbian conspirators would have to occur. Unfortunately, Austrian reaction to the assassination did not occur quickly. The Austrian-Hungarian government waited close to one month before announcing what it intended to do.

The Austrians wished to consult Germany about the situation in the Balkans region, and the possible response it would make. On 5 July 1914, the Kaiser met with the Austrian-Hungarian ambassador. The Kaiser informed the ambassador that Germany would support any actions, including war, that Austria-Hungary would take. Many historians refer to this episode as the "blank cheque." In other words, Germany would be prepared to stand by and support any action undertaken without knowing what that action would be, or repercussions.

On 23 July 1914, Austria-Hungary delivered her ultimatum to the Serbian government. The ultimatum basically told Serbia that she would lose all independence and become servants to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. If they did not submit to the ultimatum, then a state of war would occur. The other option was a full-blown war. Serbia was given 48 hours to make their decision.

Reaction by the world to the ultimatum was again one of shock. The long delay in the Austrian-Hungarian response to the assassination had changed the opinion of Europeans. Initially, Russia was supportive of any response by Austria-Hungary, and had even initially counseled Serbia to give in. Yet, one month later, Russia did not agree with the final ultimatum that was sent. England and France were also shocked by the harsh terms of the ultimatum.

With five minutes before the ultimatum was due, the Serbian government gave its response. They stated that they would give in, but would like to negotiate a few small details. The Austrian-Hungarian ambassador stated all or nothing and left the room. Thus, on 26 July 1914, the Emperor of Austria-Hungary ordered a partial mobilization (preparing the army to fight). On 28 July, Austria-Hungary declared war upon Serbia.